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Class/form horses

It is indeed, Leodis Leodis. Among the class dropping selections of Lee's I've looked at, Countdown stands out from the key horse form perspective.

I regard good key horse support on the lines of Lee's rule of 3 as a plus, and cells in the appropriate column of my Excel application signify when a horse's last race conforms in that respect. But the absence of that signal, for a horse with everything else going for it, is not an automatic disqualifier; rather something requiring consideration.
 
BC BC

The term "key horse" was not, as far as I know, used in terms by VDW but has been used since to refer to the winner of a race where a horse of interest didn't win, and the second when the horse of interest did.

So, when Roushayd came sixth in the 1988 Northern Dancer, the winner of that race, Billet, was the key horse if one was assessing Roushayd's form (or indeed that of any of the other runners) on their next runs. But if one was assessing Billet in his next race, the key horse for him was the second in the Northern Dancer, Island Set.

"Good key horse form" would be like that for Roushayd when assessing him for the 1988 Old Newton Cup: his sixth (to Billet) was to one of the horses near the front of the market and therefore expected to win or go close (Billet was third in the betting), who in his previous race had won as favourite. For Lee that 3/1/1 is a plus and when appraising Roushayd it would have been not so supportive if the Northern Dancer had been won by a 20/1 complete outsider who had been last in its previous race when also an outsider.

Lee seems to have applied a personal rule of 3 - good key horse form was 3/3/3 or anything better (the race won by the third favourite who in its previous race had come third as, again, third favourite), and most of his pre-race posted class-dropping selections conformed to that personal rule.

Like everything else in race analysis, it is far from foolproof, but some (including me) have found that with potential selections which are dropping in class, good key horse form is a plus and poor key horse form needs to be treated as something of a question mark. In the latter case, being clear about the class of the key horse's previous race can help. A key horse whose figures were 6/14/20 would seem to cast doubt on the value of the form of the race where he won as sixth in the betting. But if that race was, for example, a much higher class handicap than the one now being analysed, and the previous fourteen place when twentieth in the betting had been the Derby, one might not be overly concerned.

Lee was particularly keen on horses whose key horse support for each of their last three runs was good in terms of his personal rule of 3. One doesn't often find that but he did with his pre-race selected Double Vodka.

Thank you. I see. So it's a way of confirming the merit of the previous race, rather than the merit of the potential selection.

When I've seen the term, I've wondered if a "Key Horse" is one that finished very close (ideally just behind) to the potential selection in a previous race to gauge its class.
 

Race Introduction

This is a 1‑mile Class 5 handicap at Yarmouth (16:15) on good‑to‑firm ground, a straight‑mile test that rewards:
  • Efficient travelling
  • Pace balance rather than raw speed
  • Horses with previous Yarmouth experience
  • Those capable of sustaining a long, uninterrupted run-in
With a £4k prize, the field is made up of mixed-profile handicappers:
  • One runner returning from a stronger turf race (Great Mates)
  • A horse who produced a sharp C&D second just 14 days ago (Kalamunda)
  • A patchy but capable handicapper with a recent TS rebound (Tactical Plan)
  • A consistent mid‑range performer dropping back from 10f (Man Of Desert)
  • A lightly raced handicapper still searching for a spark (Big Alex Walmsley)
The straight mile at Yarmouth typically favours:
  • Horses who travel smoothly at even fractions
  • Those with recent fast-ground form
  • Runners who can quicken late without losing rhythm
Across the Form Reader and L33 model, the race resolves into a clear hierarchy: Kalamunda holds the strongest combined signal, while Great Mates and Man Of Desert emerge as tactical dangers despite failing L33.

Combined summary table

HorseForm Reader viewL33 statusTactical DropperOverall today
KalamundaStrong recent C&D run, high peak/avg, ahead of ORBETNo (1 flag only)Most solid win chance
Great MatesBig AW peak, class drop, track suitability, recent dipSTOPYES (2 flags)Strong danger — do not oppose
Tactical PlanImproving TS, fair ability, inconsistent profileFOLLOWNoLikely to run well; place player
Man Of DesertStable ability, drop in trip helps, TS decliningSTOPYES (2 flags)Moderate danger — respect
Big Alex WalmsleyOld peak, recent figures modest, stamina question at 1mSTOPNoHard to fancy today

Jockey summary table

HorseJockeyClaimRead on the booking
KalamundaJack Mitchell0Knows the horse; judged pace perfectly in recent C&D second.
Great MatesMarco Ghiani0Positive switch; strong turf rider; could unlock a rebound.
Tactical PlanSaffie Osborne0Strong senior; excels with tricky handicappers.
Man Of DesertSilvestre De Sousa0High-impact jockey; aggressive style suits straight-mile tests.
Big Alex WalmsleyDarragh Keenan0Honest rider; but horse needs major improvement.

Best 2

1️⃣ Kalamunda

  • L33 says BET: rising TS, well-in, class/distance perfect.
  • Form Reader: strong C&D second, peak/avg ability competitive, ahead of handicapper.
  • Conditions: GF straight mile ideal; same jockey; same mark. Most solid and reliable profile in the race.

2️⃣ Great Mates — main danger (Tactical Dropper)

  • Not a L33 bet (TS decline), but Tactical Dropper flags = 2 (Prize Drop + Class Drop).
  • Form Reader: huge AW peak, strong historic Yarmouth run, big class/prize drop today.
  • Interpretation: If she rebounds even halfway to her AW peak, she becomes a major threat. Do not oppose — live danger

The Key Horse Metrics (LTO)
Date​
Track​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH​
Kh Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
Kalamunda​
18Jun26​
Yar​
5k​
2​
7​
Gorgeous Mr George​
1​
3​
6k​
8​
4​
1​
2​
Great Mates​
19Jun26​
Nwm​
8k​
6​
1​
Physique​
1​
2​
7k​
2​
4​
1​
6​
 
BC BC

Countdown - one of Lee's more cryptic pre-race selections on the Gummy forum. Not one that conforms to his rule of 3. (And yes, one can and in my case sometimes does use the key horse metrics in the way you describe as well as to help partly test the worth of a race.}

Lee
Member
Posted July 04, 2007 03:32 PM July 04, 2007 02:32 PMHide Post
Counting down to a win today!
 
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Reactions: BC
This is a complete and total mathematical rout of the market. The betting public blindly backed the soft-paced winners (Amazing Journey at 6/4, Dream Composer at 15/2) and completely ignored the true mechanical monster sitting at double-digit exchange odds.

Because the system correctly interpreted Sir Garfield's ability to survive a violently fast pace (-1.97s Vs Par) last time out, we knew he had the engine to dictate terms here. He didn't just win—he broke the field from the front.

🔬 Post-Race Mechanical Audit (Epsom 6.22)​

  • The Pace Reality: The race was run at a very solid -0.11s Vs Par. Sir Garfield took them along at a genuine, unrelenting gallop that immediately tested the stamina of the early chasers.
  • 1st: Sir Garfield (102.96% FSP): Absolute tactical perfection. Because a -0.11s pace was actually comfortable for him compared to the -1.97s inferno he ran in last time, he was able to dictate from the front and still produce a massive 102.96% finishing speed. When a horse leads and still accelerates over 100% FSP late, they are virtually impossible to pass.
  • The Goldwork Collapse (96.02% FSP): Our fade on Goldwork was 100% scientifically accurate. The tracker notes he "chased leader, ridden over 2f out, lost place over 1f out." He tried to match Sir Garfield's early fractions, completely emptied his tank, and crawled home with a field-worst 96.02% FSP.
  • Dream Composer folded exactly as predicted, weakening late because he wasn't gifted the slow pace he got at Windsor. Amazing Journey ran a highly credible race (104.04% FSP), but because he was slowly away, he had to try and run down a leader who wasn't decelerating. Sir Garfield's engine simply held him off.
  • Bankroll Update (Epsom 6.22)​

    • Total Race Stake: 10.00 points
    • Sir Garfield Locked Odds: 8.80
    • Sir Garfield Stake: 2.85 points
    • Actual Return (2.85 pts @ 8.80): 25.08 points
    • Net Race Profit: +15.08 points
      Total Project Bankroll:
      +111.63 points ➔ +126.71 points
 
(And yes, one can and in my case sometimes does use the key horse metrics in the way you describe as well as to help partly test the worth of a race.}

I use it to test the worth (class) of the potential selection, and, if that's solid, the other contenders.
 
Leodis Leodis

Yes, but I haven't begun to analyse it yet. (Unless there are too many to handle on a given day, if it is a UK sprint handicap that isn't a class 6, a nursery or 3yo only, a fillies only or an apprentice or amateur race, I'm interested in it.)
 
It looks a rather trappy affair, as the early market was very condensed and there are at least five on the initial shortlist that are around the same level of ability.
However, two from the shortlist have been trapped by the model. It will be interesting to hear your thoughts on the race.


Race Introduction

This is a 6f Class 5 handicap at Kempton (20:53) on Standard all‑weather, a setup that rewards:
  • Tactical speed
  • Strong travelling sprinters
  • Proven C&D form
  • Ability to quicken off the bend
Kempton’s polytrack is one of the fairest AW sprint tracks, but it consistently favours:
  • Horses with recent speed figures (TS/RPR)
  • Horses with previous Kempton 6f success
  • Horses who can sit handy and accelerate
The race features:
  • One horse clearly ahead of the handicapper (Brazen Idol)
  • Two horses with major class/prize drops triggering Tactical Dropper danger signals (Serenity Dream, Dannick)
  • Multiple AW specialists returning to their preferred surface (Initial Blue, Serenity Dream)
  • Several exposed sprinters whose TS trajectories have collapsed (Newsreader, Travel Agent, Massimo Blue)
It’s a competitive low‑grade AW sprint, but the Form Reader and L33 model all converge on a very tight cluster of runners with a meaningful edge.

Combined summary table

HorseForm Reader viewL33 statusTactical DropperOverall today
Brazen IdolStrong peak & recent ability, Kempton-proven, ahead of ORBETNoMost solid win chance
Invincible SpeedVery consistent, high peak, reliable 6f profileSTOP (OR test)NoPlace player, but not a bet
Serenity DreamC&D winner, strong AW profile, class dropSTOPYES (Strong)Live danger — do not oppose
Initial BlueC&D winner, AW specialist, workable markSTOPNoCould run well, but not a bet
Diamond DreamerAW sprint form, well handicappedSTOPNoOutside place chance
Travel AgentGood peak, recent form collapsedSTOPNoNeeds revival
Massimo BlueAW sprinter, gentle declineSTOPNoHard to fancy
Giorgio MBig old AW peak, recent declineSTOPNoOpposable
DannickMaiden, class drop, inconsistentSTOPYES (Moderate)Danger horse — do not oppose
Express TrainNewcastle straight-track peak, long absenceSTOPNoFitness doubt
NewsreaderOld peak, recent collapseSTOPNoVery hard to support

Jockey summary table

HorseJockeyClaimRead on the booking
Brazen IdolPaddy Bradley0Knows Kempton well; solid senior rider; no negatives.
Invincible SpeedRay Dawson0Reliable, strong in AW sprints; suits the horse’s consistency.
Serenity DreamBilly Loughnane0Significant upgrade; top AW jockey; boosts Tactical Dropper danger.
Initial BlueRossa Ryan0High‑class AW rider; excellent booking for a C&D winner.
Diamond DreamerDaniel Muscutt0Good AW judge; positive for a handicapped sprinter.
Travel AgentKieren Fox0Experienced; but horse’s form is dipping.
Massimo BlueNeil Callan0Strong senior; aggressive style suits sprinters.
Giorgio MRob Hornby0Capable senior; horse’s form the bigger issue.
DannickTom Queally0Senior rider; slight upgrade; contributes to Tactical Dropper flags.
Express TrainRobert Havlin0Steady senior; but horse lacks recent form.
NewsreaderAlistair Rawlinson0Knows the horse; but recent collapse is the concern.

Best 3

1️⃣ Brazen Idol

  • Only horse to pass all L33 stepsBET
  • Well ahead of handicapper
  • TS trajectory rising
  • Proven at Kempton 6f AW in this exact class/prize setup
  • No Tactical Dropper dangers blocking the bet Most solid and logical win selection.

2️⃣ Serenity Dream — main danger (Tactical Dropper)

  • Fails L33 (TS direction collapse), BUT triggers 4 Tactical Dropper flags
  • Jockey upgrade (claimer → Billy Loughnane)
  • Proven C&D winner
  • AW profile strong Not a bet, but a horse you must NOT oppose — live danger.

3️⃣ Initial Blue

  • Fails L33 due to TS dip, but:
    • Two Kempton C&D wins
    • AW specialist
    • Rossa Ryan a major positive
    • Recent AW form solid enough Best of the non-L33 horses for place purposes.
The Key-Horse Metrics
KH LTO​
Date​
Track​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH​
Kh Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
Brazen Idol​
23/06/26​
Ffos​
4k​
2​
2​
Isle of Lismore​
1​
1​
4k​
4​
4​
1​
6​
Serenity Dream​
07/06/26​
Gdw​
8k​
6​
3​
Rare Change​
1​
7​
13k​
9​
7​
1​
1​
Initial Blue​
01/06/26​
Wlv​
4k​
3​
1​
Beyond Borders​
1​
4​
4k​
6​
6​
1​
4​
 
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Race Introduction

This is a 1‑mile Class 5 handicap at Yarmouth (16:15) on good‑to‑firm ground, a straight‑mile test that rewards:
  • Efficient travelling
  • Pace balance rather than raw speed
  • Horses with previous Yarmouth experience
  • Those capable of sustaining a long, uninterrupted run-in
With a £4k prize, the field is made up of mixed-profile handicappers:
  • One runner returning from a stronger turf race (Great Mates)
  • A horse who produced a sharp C&D second just 14 days ago (Kalamunda)
  • A patchy but capable handicapper with a recent TS rebound (Tactical Plan)
  • A consistent mid‑range performer dropping back from 10f (Man Of Desert)
  • A lightly raced handicapper still searching for a spark (Big Alex Walmsley)
The straight mile at Yarmouth typically favours:
  • Horses who travel smoothly at even fractions
  • Those with recent fast-ground form
  • Runners who can quicken late without losing rhythm
Across the Form Reader and L33 model, the race resolves into a clear hierarchy: Kalamunda holds the strongest combined signal, while Great Mates and Man Of Desert emerge as tactical dangers despite failing L33.

Combined summary table

HorseForm Reader viewL33 statusTactical DropperOverall today
KalamundaStrong recent C&D run, high peak/avg, ahead of ORBETNo (1 flag only)Most solid win chance
Great MatesBig AW peak, class drop, track suitability, recent dipSTOPYES (2 flags)Strong danger — do not oppose
Tactical PlanImproving TS, fair ability, inconsistent profileFOLLOWNoLikely to run well; place player
Man Of DesertStable ability, drop in trip helps, TS decliningSTOPYES (2 flags)Moderate danger — respect
Big Alex WalmsleyOld peak, recent figures modest, stamina question at 1mSTOPNoHard to fancy today

Jockey summary table

HorseJockeyClaimRead on the booking
KalamundaJack Mitchell0Knows the horse; judged pace perfectly in recent C&D second.
Great MatesMarco Ghiani0Positive switch; strong turf rider; could unlock a rebound.
Tactical PlanSaffie Osborne0Strong senior; excels with tricky handicappers.
Man Of DesertSilvestre De Sousa0High-impact jockey; aggressive style suits straight-mile tests.
Big Alex WalmsleyDarragh Keenan0Honest rider; but horse needs major improvement.

Best 2

1️⃣ Kalamunda

  • L33 says BET: rising TS, well-in, class/distance perfect.
  • Form Reader: strong C&D second, peak/avg ability competitive, ahead of handicapper.
  • Conditions: GF straight mile ideal; same jockey; same mark. Most solid and reliable profile in the race.

2️⃣ Great Mates — main danger (Tactical Dropper)

  • Not a L33 bet (TS decline), but Tactical Dropper flags = 2 (Prize Drop + Class Drop).
  • Form Reader: huge AW peak, strong historic Yarmouth run, big class/prize drop today.
  • Interpretation: If she rebounds even halfway to her AW peak, she becomes a major threat. Do not oppose — live danger

The Key Horse Metrics (LTO)
Date​
Track​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH​
Kh Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
£​
Pos​
Mkt Pos​
KH Pos​
Kh Mkt Pos​
Kalamunda​
18Jun26​
Yar​
5k​
2​
7​
Gorgeous Mr George​
1​
3​
6k​
8​
4​
1​
2​
Great Mates​
19Jun26​
Nwm​
8k​
6​
1​
Physique​
1​
2​
7k​
2​
4​
1​
6​
Good shout Leodis Leodis 1st and Last. (y)
 
Leodis Leodis

As I said earlier, I only started on the 8.23 after lunch. I have sent a copy of the completed Excel book to my racing pal but have not yet heard from him. The bottom line is that unless he identifies something that has eluded me - and if he does I'll post it - at current prices this is a no bet race for me.

Now my thoughts that lead to that conclusion.

You have commented that several have similar levels of ability. I agree. The ability rating ranking is tight. Yes, the top two (53 and 52) are a few points ahead of the next but then a whole bunch between 33 and 44, and much less differentiation than I prefer. (For completeness, these ARs come automatically from my data base and don't include any overseas races. If I were seriously interested in one as a possible bet, I'd check the ARs on the Post site.)

Second, in looking through the data I am struck by the similarities of several - just taking this year and aw performances, each has gone close to winning a race of not dissimilar class to today's, run a few more times and are now trying again off a lower mark. In alphabetical order:

Brazen Idol 18/03/26, 2nd class 42, average OR 70.9 off 72, beaten 0.8l. Now like all the others tackling a class 42, AOR 67.4 off 70.
Diamond Dreamer 27/04/26, 3rd class 52, AOR 67.2 off 66, beaten 1.0l. Now off 63.
Express Train 16/01/26, 3rd class 79, AOR 69.4, off 68, beaten 1.0l. Now off 66.
Serenity Dream 25/02/26, 2nd class 42, AOR 71.7, off 71, beaten 0.5l. Now off 67.

In principle any of these could win in today's easier field (AOR basis) off lower marks than with they have already gone close.

And that is to say nothing of those who have won a similar aw race this year and are trying again off higher marks.

Third, do I regard any as VDW "form" horses (and better still VDW consistent "form" horses? Yes, there are several (only Invincible Speed being a consistent "form" horse), but as already noted, not as much differentiation in ability ratings as I'd like. That said, highest ability-rated in the field, Serenity Dream (subject, as noted above, to checking the Post site) is a VDW "form" horse, and 11 points clear of the next two, Brazen Idol and Invincible Speed. Thus for me the VDW class/form horse.

Fourth, in browsing the recent careers of the field I was particularly interested in Serenity Dream. Obviously I have no knowledge of the thought processes behind the horse's placings, but in my imagination after the win over today's course and distance on 14/01/26, a classier race than today's, class 63, AOR 77.4, and a little later a close 2nd, from the win off 68 he was running off 72. My idea is that connections realised they'd need the horse dropped a few pounds to win again and the three placings after the last run on the aw, all three on turf, have been as follows:

02/05/26, Goodwood, over 5f. First time over that trip. I doubt they expected him to prove a minimum trip horse.

09/05/26 Ascot, back to 6f but in the most valuable race he had tried under Mr Carroll, a class 134 (the next highest a class 66). Surely they did not expect the horse to "show" in that field?

07/06/26 Goodwood, now up to 7f in the second highest class race under Mr Carroll, an 82, and on soft, only the second on soft in 29 runs. Did they really think he would win in that situation?

I am not suggesting that the horse wasn't trying in those races, merely that on known previous performances he was most unlikely to win or go very close in any of them. As a result, today he runs off 67, one pound less than when winning on 14/01/26, AND in a much weaker field (AOR 67.4 cf AOR 77.4). In my imagination, well done connections and surely ready to win! But as my racing pal would confirm, I am prone to these flights of imagination and they rarely come off.

So, to conclude, in Serenity Dream we have what I see as the class/form horse, albeit only just a "form" horse, without much differentiation in ability from most of the rest, at least three of whom are in not wholly dissimilar positions, trying to win off lower marks having gone close in slightly better races earlier this year. He is dropping in class today and lacks the kind of key horse support discussed earlier. That said, the key horse, Rare Change, beat Serenity Dream having come from a seemingly undistinguished run BUT in a much classier race (class 129, AOR 86.2), so I wouldn't be totally gloomy about that angle. Overall, not a <20% class/form horse to be backed, despite my flight of fantasy about his preparation.

Given that fantasy, even knowing that, logically, he is not a <20% class/form horse, I would have a dabble at the right price, but that would be well above the current Betfair 4.5 on Betfair.
 
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