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Apprentice weight in Hcap

Interesting Tony, try the analysis with BFSP as this gives a better normalisation unless you are using one of the 3 normalisation methods that take fav/longshot bias into account. Finally I was not suggesting that backing top weights blind should be pursued only that from 2021 to 2025 (my data) the BFSP market has not equalised for weight fully
 
Interesting Tony, try the analysis with BFSP as this gives a better normalisation unless you are using one of the 3 normalisation methods that take fav/longshot bias into account. Finally I was not suggesting that backing top weights blind should be pursued only that from 2021 to 2025 (my data) the BFSP market has not equalised for weight fully
Yes, that makes sense.

I wasn't taking your point as suggesting backing top weights blind. What interested me was exactly the point you're making — whether, after allowing for market expectation, there is still some residual information in where a horse sits in the weights.

Using BFSP should give me a cleaner test than the conventional SP figures I've been looking at.

What I want to establish is something like:

Actual wins versus BFSP-expected wins by pounds from top weight

so perhaps:

0–5 lb from top
6–10 lb
11–20 lb
20 lb+

and then split it further by class, distance, age and possibly field size.

If the 0–5 lb group is still outperforming its BFSP expectation over a large sample, then that's much more interesting than simply saying top weights have a higher strike rate, because we'd already be allowing for the fact that they're generally better horses and shorter prices.

I haven't applied a specific favourite/longshot bias normalisation to this weight test yet, so BFSP is probably the sensible next step.

I'm also interested in testing the interaction with horse size if I can get a reliable size proxy/data source. The original question that started me looking at this was whether physically bigger horses cope better with the dead weight in the saddle.

So the next test really wants to be:

weight position → BFSP expectation → actual performance

rather than just raw winners or SP profit.

Your point that the BFSP market hasn't fully equalised the effect from 2021–2025 is exactly the sort of thing I'd like to see if I can reproduce independently.
 
I'll put them up S simon boardman if T tony spencer does not mind although the effects of weight in handicaps have been done numerous times on this forum by various members including myself. The effect of weight within Handicaps are shown to be perfectly linear when measured over a relative enough sample size and that the metrics used in measuring are stable and also contain an element of granularity. The much used "rate" statistic of "Win%" takes time to stabilise and if it was for example First Season Sires we were trying to project then we would need something stronger than plain old "Win%" - we know from looking at past seasons that a sire's strike rate tends to start to stabilise around the 600 run mark and regress to around 11.5% so a better way to project how First Season Sires will perform into the future would be ((First Season Sire Runs*First Season Win%))+(600*11.50%)/(First Season Sire Runs + 600) - so a current FSS with say 95 runs and 22 wins for a SR of 23.16% would be "smoothed" out to 13.09%. These kind of techniques tend to make better projections than using the current low sample volatile win strike rate. The measurement process which has now become "xWin%" where the small x = "Expected" should be stepped and involve "time-series" so it would be an ongoing process with results and performance updated within pre-set intervals of time and the confidence in the projection increasing within that time - that sire may indeed be well above average and be the new Galileo but right now it's highly unlikely he will continue to win at the current rate.
Thankfully we don't have this problem when studying the effects of weight within Handicap racing. These races now account for ~70% of our programme in the UK so there is a ton of data. I won't bore folk about my views about whether weight "matters" but one only needs to study racetimes to see that it does. The results we see when looked at by "weight rank" or "ORRank" to me not only shows that weight matters very much but also that it does not matter enough to those in charge in allotting weight.
The antiquated "weight for margin" scale set within the days of the Old Admiral Rouse has not changed very much up to present day but there is convincing evidence that this scale (usually starting ~3 to 3.5lbs per length at ~5 furlongs) is marginally inadequate. Now if the official handicappers are around a lb to 1.5 lbs per length shy in assessing horses overall (and this is the magnitude of the inequality of the handicapping system where instead of 3lbs per length at 5f it should be ~4 to 4.5 lbs per length) then this precisely would lead to the superior horses winning much more than their fair share. And they do. Not only is "Win Strike Rate" or Win Place Strike Rate" perfectly linear as you go up or down the weight ranks but more granular measurements such as Win Impact Value and both PRB & PRB^2 are too - as you would expect if a "weight for margin" scale was marginally inadequate.

Results of UK FlatTurf/AW Handicaps since 01.01.2010 to current day by "Weight Rank" in two splits

01.01.2010 to 31.12.2017

1.png

& 01.01.2018 to 29.09.2026

2.png


Between the two splits even using Betfair data rather than the "overround ridden" Industry ISP shows how volatile measurements such as Win Market ROI are and should never be taken as gospel if conditioning models on that variable.

ROI 1.png

ROI 2.png


Perhaps a study of various "pre-race" factors shows how this bias and it's effects within the handicapping system actually work in terms of "frequency" down through the ranks from "top-down" and might be better in moving the conversation forward. Here i've used the latest more recent split of race data (01.01.2018 to yesterday) - the old adage that "weight" & "handicaps" being a leveller/equaliser could not be further from the truth but is this the result of a self fullfulling prophecy type system where the rewards for superior animals are much greater than the penalties/price paid for running well (inadequate weight for margin scale) ???

WR Frequency factors - pre-race.png


cheers
Rob

PS - I see peeps think that larger framed horses should carry weight better than smaller animals.
Could this be "inferred" pre-race by a measurement such as "average stride length" from past races
such as this ?????

Note the data used here was calculated as "PRE-race" not "IN-race" using PAST race stride/sectional data.
Have added a distribution tabe showing the %'s of horses with number of past sectional/stride runs.

Stride Length Study.png

SL2.png
 
Last edited:
"at 5f it should be ~4 to 4.5 lbs per length"

Just to be certain I understand, ARAZI91 ARAZI91, is that the relationship that your understanding of the data supports? I ask because that was what I use, based on VDW's work which in that regard seems to have come from a sf expert of his day, Ken Hussey.
 
Thanks Chesham Chesham mate, great to see your still utilising RaceIQ's tracking data (y)
Yes I I am finding these grids useful when used with other data asked on last 3 Runs. All the rest of the runner are in the same format and listed one after the other in the same format. Save ages trying to do the same going through each horses last 3 runs



IMG_1038.jpeg
 
"at 5f it should be ~4 to 4.5 lbs per length"

Just to be certain I understand, ARAZI91 ARAZI91, is that the relationship that your understanding of the data supports? I ask because that was what I use, based on VDW's work which in that regard seems to have come from a sf expert of his day, Ken Hussey.
Are you sure that it came from Raceform's Ken Hussey ? - a man who along with Roger Coates his assistant went under the byline as "Split Second-Britains Master Clocker" but used a scale where at 16 furlongs, 1 length =1 point and 1 point =1/10 second therefore a length = 0.10sec from which a trivial deduction must be then that a length must be around 5.4 feet and there are 10 lengths per second at around 2 miles on the flat ?????? I'm pretty sure that "Britains Master Clocker" had this wrong as using this scale would mean a horse running 16f in a time of 220sec and being beaten 20 lengths would record a speed figure 20 points better than if it has actually WON the race in a time of 220sec. :)

Another flaw from Hussey's method was that his going allowances were only given in multiples of 0.05sec per furlong so in say a 14f race 0.05 sec amounts to around 0.70 sec or 7 points on his scale. So if a horse wins at this distance carrying 9.00 (his "master" weight) in 2 seconds above standard of the RF Std.Time and Hussey chooses a nil going allowance then this horse gets a figure of 80. But since he only uses "multiples" of 0.05 sec in his going allowances then whatever going allowance Hussey chooses the final figure can only make this differ from a figure of 80 in "multiples" of seven...so the only possible figures that horse can obtain are 45, 52, 59, 66, 73, 80, 87, 94, 101, 107 etc etc - ALL figures inbetween are mathematically eliminated by the flawed use of the restrictive 0.05 sec "unit"

Most of the research done into handicapping scales started with John Whitely, the ex-Timeform Timefigure Manager who worked under Phil Bull but left the restraints of Halifax House to venture into the world of Computer Handicapping as personal computers boomed and he started his own company Racing Research. The horseracing mad physics professor Bob Wilkens has also contributed to this research and published some of his findings in the book "Bioenergetics & Racehorse Ratings" - privately i know James Willoughby has also done some work in this area which was submitted to the BHA when he was employed (albeit short termed) as their data analyst. All three have used data from Hong Kong, South Africa and Japan where physical body weight data is actually published to confirm that the average body weight of a mature thoroughbred sprinter + most common maximum jockey impost + handicap scale amount to around 1550 to 1600 lbs in total which would then used as a constant (i'll use 1575 pounds) give the following example scale using the actual final racetimes of example races over a range of distances - note that the scale is then "variable" by actual racetime with more truly run races being worth more than softer run races. For simplicity i have used the standard 6 lengths per second that the BHA specify on good or faster ground.

Racetimes.png



Bob Wilkens published work used a mathematical running model involving differential equations and calculus adapted to throughbreds with power parameters for anerobic/aerobic energy and cost of running and reckoned that the scale should be even higher when fitted to a decent set of standard times which account for the skewed distribution that it is easier to run faster at 5 furlongs than it is to run faster at 16 furlongs.

The Wilkens scale
Wilkens Scale.png
And Wilkens scale curve fitted to Timeform's use of the scale constant of 1500lbs per 60 sec or equiv. 25lbs per second per 60 seconds
Wilkens scale 2.png
 
Last edited:
Are you sure that it came from Raceform's Ken Hussey ? - a man who along with Roger Coates his assistant went under the byline as "Split Second-Britains Master Clocker" but used a scale where at 16 furlongs, 1 length =1 point and 1 point =1/10 second therefore a length = 0.10sec from which a trivial deduction must be then that a length must be around 5.4 feet and there are 10 lengths per second at around 2 miles on the flat ?????? I'm pretty sure that "Britains Master Clocker" had this wrong as using this scale would mean a horse running 16f in a time of 220sec and being beaten 20 lengths would record a speed figure 20 points better than if it has actually WON the race in a time of 220sec. :)

Another flaw from Hussey's method was that his going allowances were only given in multiples of 0.05sec per furlong so in say a 14f race 0.05 sec amounts to around 0.70 sec or 7 points on his scale. So if a horse wins at this distance carrying 9.00 (his "master" weight) in 2 seconds above standard of the RF Std.Time and Hussey chooses a nil going allowance then this horse gets a figure of 80. But since he only uses "multiples" of 0.05 sec in his going allowances then whatever going allowance Hussey chooses the final figure can only make this differ from a figure of 80 in "multiples" of seven...so the only possible figures that horse can obtain are 45, 52, 59, 66, 73, 80, 87, 94, 101, 107 etc etc - ALL figures inbetween are mathematically eliminated by the flawed use of the restrictive 0.05 sec "unit"

Most of the research done into handicapping scales started with John Whitely, the ex-Timeform Timefigure Manager who worked under Phil Bull but left the restraints of Halifax House to venture into the world of Computer Handicapping as personal computers boomed and he started his own company Racing Research. The horseracing mad physics professor Bob Wilkens has also contributed to this research and published some of his findings in the book "Bioenergetics & Racehorse Ratings" - privately i know James Willoughby has also done some work in this area which was submitted to the BHA when he was employed (albeit short termed) as their data analyst. All three have used data from Hong Kong, South Africa and Japan where physical body weight data is actually published to confirm that the average body weight of a mature thoroughbred sprinter + most common maximum jockey impost + handicap scale amount to around 1550 to 1600 lbs in total which would then used as a constant (i'll use 1575 pounds) give the following example scale using the actual final racetimes of example races over a range of distances - note that the scale is then "variable" by actual racetime with more truly run races being worth more than softer run races. For simplicity i have used the standard 6 lengths per second that the BHA specify on good or faster ground.

View attachment 172052



Bob Wilkens published work used a mathematical running model invo;ving differential equations and calculus adapted to throughbreds with power parameters for anerobic/aerobic energy and cost of running and reckoned that the scale should be even higher when fitted to a decent set of standard times which account for the skewed distribution that it is easier to run faster at 5 furlongs than it is to run faster at 16 furlongs.

The Wilkens scale
View attachment 172050
And Wilkens scale curve fitted to Timeform's use of the scale constant of 1500lbs per 60 sec or equiv. 25lbs per second per 60 seconds
View attachment 172051
Rob, great to see you post.
 
Are you sure that it came from Raceform's Ken Hussey ? - a man who along with Roger Coates his assistant went under the byline as "Split Second-Britains Master Clocker" but used a scale where at 16 furlongs, 1 length =1 point and 1 point =1/10 second therefore a length = 0.10sec from which a trivial deduction must be then that a length must be around 5.4 feet and there are 10 lengths per second at around 2 miles on the flat ?????? I'm pretty sure that "Britains Master Clocker" had this wrong as using this scale would mean a horse running 16f in a time of 220sec and being beaten 20 lengths would record a speed figure 20 points better than if it has actually WON the race in a time of 220sec. :)

Another flaw from Hussey's method was that his going allowances were only given in multiples of 0.05sec per furlong so in say a 14f race 0.05 sec amounts to around 0.70 sec or 7 points on his scale. So if a horse wins at this distance carrying 9.00 (his "master" weight) in 2 seconds above standard of the RF Std.Time and Hussey chooses a nil going allowance then this horse gets a figure of 80. But since he only uses "multiples" of 0.05 sec in his going allowances then whatever going allowance Hussey chooses the final figure can only make this differ from a figure of 80 in "multiples" of seven...so the only possible figures that horse can obtain are 45, 52, 59, 66, 73, 80, 87, 94, 101, 107 etc etc - ALL figures inbetween are mathematically eliminated by the flawed use of the restrictive 0.05 sec "unit"

Most of the research done into handicapping scales started with John Whitely, the ex-Timeform Timefigure Manager who worked under Phil Bull but left the restraints of Halifax House to venture into the world of Computer Handicapping as personal computers boomed and he started his own company Racing Research. The horseracing mad physics professor Bob Wilkens has also contributed to this research and published some of his findings in the book "Bioenergetics & Racehorse Ratings" - privately i know James Willoughby has also done some work in this area which was submitted to the BHA when he was employed (albeit short termed) as their data analyst. All three have used data from Hong Kong, South Africa and Japan where physical body weight data is actually published to confirm that the average body weight of a mature thoroughbred sprinter + most common maximum jockey impost + handicap scale amount to around 1550 to 1600 lbs in total which would then used as a constant (i'll use 1575 pounds) give the following example scale using the actual final racetimes of example races over a range of distances - note that the scale is then "variable" by actual racetime with more truly run races being worth more than softer run races. For simplicity i have used the standard 6 lengths per second that the BHA specify on good or faster ground.

View attachment 172052



Bob Wilkens published work used a mathematical running model involving differential equations and calculus adapted to throughbreds with power parameters for anerobic/aerobic energy and cost of running and reckoned that the scale should be even higher when fitted to a decent set of standard times which account for the skewed distribution that it is easier to run faster at 5 furlongs than it is to run faster at 16 furlongs.

The Wilkens scale
View attachment 172050
And Wilkens scale curve fitted to Timeform's use of the scale constant of 1500lbs per 60 sec or equiv. 25lbs per second per 60 seconds
View attachment 172051
Arazi, have you looked at how course shape affects the scale—for example, the downhill 5f at Epsom compared with an uphill finish at Pontefract? Would you use the same pounds-per-length figure at both, or adjust it for the course and how the race is run?
Thanks Chesham Chesham mate, great to see your still utilising RaceIQ's tracking data (y)
Yes great to see you back Arazi what you been up to
I'll put them up S simon boardman if T tony spencer does not mind although the effects of weight in handicaps have been done numerous times on this forum by various members including myself. The effect of weight within Handicaps are shown to be perfectly linear when measured over a relative enough sample size and that the metrics used in measuring are stable and also contain an element of granularity. The much used "rate" statistic of "Win%" takes time to stabilise and if it was for example First Season Sires we were trying to project then we would need something stronger than plain old "Win%" - we know from looking at past seasons that a sire's strike rate tends to start to stabilise around the 600 run mark and regress to around 11.5% so a better way to project how First Season Sires will perform into the future would be ((First Season Sire Runs*First Season Win%))+(600*11.50%)/(First Season Sire Runs + 600) - so a current FSS with say 95 runs and 22 wins for a SR of 23.16% would be "smoothed" out to 13.09%. These kind of techniques tend to make better projections than using the current low sample volatile win strike rate. The measurement process which has now become "xWin%" where the small x = "Expected" should be stepped and involve "time-series" so it would be an ongoing process with results and performance updated within pre-set intervals of time and the confidence in the projection increasing within that time - that sire may indeed be well above average and be the new Galileo but right now it's highly unlikely he will continue to win at the current rate.
Thankfully we don't have this problem when studying the effects of weight within Handicap racing. These races now account for ~70% of our programme in the UK so there is a ton of data. I won't bore folk about my views about whether weight "matters" but one only needs to study racetimes to see that it does. The results we see when looked at by "weight rank" or "ORRank" to me not only shows that weight matters very much but also that it does not matter enough to those in charge in allotting weight.
The antiquated "weight for margin" scale set within the days of the Old Admiral Rouse has not changed very much up to present day but there is convincing evidence that this scale (usually starting ~3 to 3.5lbs per length at ~5 furlongs) is marginally inadequate. Now if the official handicappers are around a lb to 1.5 lbs per length shy in assessing horses overall (and this is the magnitude of the inequality of the handicapping system where instead of 3lbs per length at 5f it should be ~4 to 4.5 lbs per length) then this precisely would lead to the superior horses winning much more than their fair share. And they do. Not only is "Win Strike Rate" or Win Place Strike Rate" perfectly linear as you go up or down the weight ranks but more granular measurements such as Win Impact Value and both PRB & PRB^2 are too - as you would expect if a "weight for margin" scale was marginally inadequate.

Results of UK FlatTurf/AW Handicaps since 01.01.2010 to current day by "Weight Rank" in two splits

01.01.2010 to 31.12.2017

View attachment 172035

& 01.01.2018 to 29.09.2026

View attachment 172036


Between the two splits even using Betfair data rather than the "overround ridden" Industry ISP shows how volatile measurements such as Win Market ROI are and should never be taken as gospel if conditioning models on that variable.

View attachment 172037

View attachment 172038


Perhaps a study of various "pre-race" factors shows how this bias and it's effects within the handicapping system actually work in terms of "frequency" down through the ranks from "top-down" and might be better in moving the conversation forward. Here i've used the latest more recent split of race data (01.01.2018 to yesterday) - the old adage that "weight" & "handicaps" being a leveller/equaliser could not be further from the truth but is this the result of a self fullfulling prophecy type system where the rewards for superior animals are much greater than the penalties/price paid for running well (inadequate weight for margin scale) ???

View attachment 172039


cheers
Rob

PS - I see peeps think that larger framed horses should carry weight better than smaller animals.
Could this be "inferred" pre-race by a measurement such as "average stride length" from past races
such as this ?????

Note the data used here was calculated as "PRE-race" not "IN-race" using PAST race stride/sectional data.
Have added a distribution tabe showing the %'s of horses with number of past sectional/stride runs.

View attachment 172042

View attachment 172043
Great post
 
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